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John Durang
John Durang (6 January 1768 – 31 March 1822) was the first native-born American to become known as a dancer.〔Lillian Moore, "John Durang: The First American Dancer," ''Dance Index'' 1 (August 1942), 120-139. Reprinted in ''Chronicles of American Dance: From the Shakers to Martha Graham'', edited by Paul David Magriel (New York: Da Capo Press, 1948), pp. 15-37.〕 Said to be George Washington's favorite performer, he was famous for dancing the hornpipe, a lively, jiglike solo exhibition so called because it was originally performed to music played on a woodwind instrument known as a hornpipe.
==Early years==
John Durang was the eldest of seven children born to parents who had immigrated to the United States from the Alsace region of northeastern France, bordering Germany. His father, Jacob Durang, was from Straßburg; his mother, Catherine Arten Durang, was from Weißenburg.〔Edwin Forrest Durang, 4 April 1884, recorded in ''Catholic Historical Research'', vol. 28, p. 77; as transcribed by Edwina Hare in ''The Durang Family'' (Harleysville, Pa.: Alcom Printing Group, 2000), p. 8.〕 Soon after their arrival in 1767, they settled in York County, Pennsylvania, in the German-speaking region whose inhabitants are still known today as the Pennsylvania Dutch (''Pennssilfaanish Deitsch''). John Durang was born in Lancaster, in the home of his mother's sister, but he grew up mostly in nearby York (aka Yorktown). He was educated at the Christ Lutheran Church school, where instruction was in German, supplemented by French and English. He had no formal dance training, but he was, according to his memoirs, attracted to the liveliness of the hornpipe, which "charmed his mind," while he was still a boy.〔Alan S. Downer, ed., ''The Memoir of John Durang, American Actor, 1785-1876'' (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1966).〕 As early as 1780, at age twelve, he learned "the correct style of dancing a hornpipe" from a visiting French dancer and made it his specialty. At fifteen he left home, went to Boston, and in 1785 joined Lewis Hallam's theatrical company, where he acted in "La Friçassée," a comic number, and danced the hornpipe between acts.〔Barbara Ferreri Malinsky, "Durang, John," in ''International Encyclopedia of Dance'', edited by Selma Jeanne Cohen and others (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), vol. 2, p. 467.〕
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